What is Phonosurgery?
Phonosurgery is a specialized surgical procedure designed to improve the quality, clarity, and tone of the voice by modifying the structures of the larynx (voice box). This advanced type of voice surgery is especially beneficial for individuals suffering from voice disorders caused by vocal cord nodules, polyps, paralysis, scarring, or other abnormalities affecting the vocal folds.
As a minimally invasive technique, phonosurgery aims to restore natural voice function and improve speech quality with minimal discomfort and downtime. Common techniques include microlaryngeal surgery and medialisation thyroplasty, which are performed by skilled ENT surgeons with expertise in laryngology—the branch of medicine focusing on voice, airway, and swallowing disorders.
At Amrita ENT, our highly experienced ENT specialists tailor each surgical approach based on the patient’s specific voice condition, ensuring safe, precise, and effective outcomes. Most phonosurgery procedures are performed under general anaesthesia, and many patients are able to return home the same day, enjoying a quick recovery and long-lasting results.
How Do the Vocal Cords Work?
The vocal cords, also called vocal folds, are two flexible bands of muscle tissue located within the larynx. They play a vital role in sound production and airflow regulation during speech and breathing. When you speak, air from the lungs passes through the closed vocal cords, causing them to vibrate and generate sound waves. These sound waves are then modified by the throat, mouth, and nasal passages to form words and tone.
The tension, length, and position of the vocal cords determine the pitch and volume of your voice. For instance, tight cords create a high-pitched voice, while looser cords produce deeper tones. Proper coordination of these muscles ensures clear, consistent, and controlled voice production.
However, when the vocal cords are swollen, scarred, or affected by lesions, they cannot vibrate effectively. This can lead to hoarseness, breathiness, or loss of voice, which can severely affect speech and communication.
What Affects the Vocal Cords?
A variety of conditions can impair the normal functioning of the vocal cords, resulting in voice problems. Among the most common are nodules, polyps, and cysts, which develop due to overuse, strain, or inflammation.
Common Vocal Cord Disorders:
Vocal Cord Nodules:
These are small, callous-like growths that develop symmetrically on both cords, often due to chronic overuse or misuse of the voice (for example, teachers, singers, or public speakers).
Vocal Cord Polyps:
Soft, fluid-filled lesions typically caused by sudden vocal strain, shouting, or irritation from factors such as acid reflux or environmental pollutants.
Vocal Cord Cysts:
Encapsulated masses that interfere with vocal cord vibration, often leading to hoarseness or a breathy, weak voice.
Besides these structural issues, lifestyle habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol use, and dehydration can dry out and damage the vocal cords. These habits increase the risk of laryngitis, chronic inflammation, or even throat cancer. Maintaining good vocal hygiene, staying hydrated, and avoiding irritants are essential steps to preserve your vocal health and prevent long-term complications.
Who Can Perform Phonosurgery?
Phonosurgery must be performed by a qualified Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) surgeon who specializes in laryngology. At Amrita ENT, our skilled throat specialists are experts in diagnosing and managing voice-related conditions. With advanced surgical equipment and years of experience, they perform phonosurgery with precision, helping patients restore their natural vocal function and confidence.
What to Expect Before, During, and After Surgery
Before the Surgery:
Preparation for phonosurgery begins with a comprehensive consultation with your ENT specialist. The doctor will:
- Evaluate your voice symptoms and medical history
- Perform a thorough laryngeal examination using laryngoscopy or stroboscopy
- Identify the specific cause of the voice disorder
You may be advised to:
- Avoid smoking and alcohol several weeks before surgery to promote faster healing
- Stop certain medications, especially blood thinners, to minimize bleeding risks
- Follow fasting instructions for at least 6–8 hours prior to surgery if it’s under general anaesthesia
- A pre-surgical discussion will help you understand the procedure, expected results, and post-operative care.
During the Surgery
Phonosurgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia and takes around 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the condition being treated.
The procedure is minimally invasive, involving no external incisions—the surgeon accesses the vocal cords through the mouth using specialized instruments.
Two primary surgical techniques are commonly used:
Microlaryngeal Surgery:
This involves using a microscope and delicate surgical tools to remove small lesions, nodules, or polyps with great precision, preserving the healthy tissues surrounding them.
Medialisation Thyroplasty:
In cases of vocal cord paralysis or asymmetry, the surgeon repositions or stabilizes the vocal folds to enhance sound production and vocal strength.
Both techniques aim to restore natural vibration and improve sound quality, ensuring minimal trauma to the tissues and faster recovery.
After the Surgery:
Recovery following phonosurgery is generally smooth and straightforward. Most patients are discharged on the same day and can return to light activities within a few days.
Post-surgery, you will be advised to:
- Rest your voice completely for a few days to allow healing
- Avoid whispering, which can strain the vocal cords
- Stay hydrated and refrain from smoking or consuming very hot or cold beverages
- Take prescribed medications to manage discomfort and prevent infection
- It’s normal to experience mild throat pain, swelling, or temporary hoarseness, which typically improves in a few days.
Follow-up visits are crucial to assess recovery and ensure proper vocal function. Your ENT specialist may recommend speech therapy to help strengthen your voice and improve clarity. With consistent care and guidance, full recovery can be expected within a few weeks to a few months.
Benefits of Phonosurgery
Phonosurgery provides life-changing benefits for individuals struggling with voice problems. Some of the major advantages include:
Improved Voice Quality:
Enhances vocal clarity and strength, allowing patients to speak confidently without strain. Especially beneficial for professionals like singers, teachers, or public speakers.
Enhanced Emotional and Social Well-Being:
Regaining a natural voice often boosts confidence, reduces anxiety, and improves overall quality of life.
Prevention of Future Complications:
Early surgical correction prevents long-term damage, such as chronic laryngitis or permanent vocal cord scarring.
Minimally Invasive Approach:
Phonosurgery involves no external cuts, ensuring a quicker recovery and minimal discomfort.
When combined with proper post-operative care and speech therapy, the results of phonosurgery are often long-lasting and highly satisfying.
Success Rate of Phonosurgery
Phonosurgery has a high success rate, with 85% to 95% of patients reporting significant improvement in voice quality and vocal endurance. The outcome largely depends on:
- The underlying condition
- The technique used
- The surgeon’s expertise
- And strict adherence to post-operative instructions and therapy
At Amrita ENT, our experienced voice specialists have consistently achieved excellent results, helping patients regain their natural voice safely and effectively. Regular follow-ups and guided speech therapy further enhance long-term success and maintain optimal vocal health.
Regain Your Voice with Amrita ENT
If you’re struggling with hoarseness, vocal fatigue, or difficulty speaking, phonosurgery could be the right solution for you. At Amrita ENT, our team of expert laryngologists provides accurate diagnosis and customized treatment plans to help you restore your voice, confidence, and quality of life.
Book your consultation today and take the first step towards a clearer, stronger, and more confident voice.